Gir National Park, also known as Sasan Gir, is one of India’s most iconic wildlife sanctuaries. It is also a globally significant conservation area. Located in Gujarat, it is the only place in the world where one can see Asiatic lions (Scientific name – Panthera leo persica) in their natural habitat.
In this post I have discussed an in-depth exploration of Gir National Park. It covers Gir’s history, unique ecosystem, diverse wildlife, safari options, travel tips, and much more.
About Gir National Park
History and Significance
Gir National Park was established in 1965. It’s primary goal was to conserve the critically endangered Asiatic lion population. Historically, these lions roamed across vast regions from Greece to India. However, due to excessive hunting during colonial times and habitat destruction caused by human activities, their numbers came down drastically by the early 20th century. By 1913, only about 20 Asiatic lions remained in the wild.1
The Nawab of Junagadh has played an important role in protecting these lions. He banned hunting lions within his territory. Later on, after India gained independence, the government took over conservation efforts and declared Gir a protected area. Over decades of dedicated work involving habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, and community involvement, the lion population has increased significantly.
Today, Gir National Park covers an area of approximately 1,412 square kilometers. It includes both core zones (protected areas) and buffer zones (where human activity is regulated). This National Park is recognized as one of Asia’s most successful wildlife conservation stories.
Flora and Fauna at Gir National Park
Ecosystem Overview
Gir National Park primarily consists of dry deciduous forests interspersed with grasslands and scrublands. The park has perennial rivers like Hiran and Shetrunji. These rivers help to nourish Gir’s rich biodiversity. With over 400 species of plants, Gir has a wide variety of life forms adapted to its semi-arid climate.
Wildlife at Gir National Park
Asiatic Lions
One can blindly say that the star attraction of Gir is its population of Asiatic lions. These lions are slightly smaller than their African counterparts. But it possesses unique physical traits such as a prominent belly fold and shorter manes on males. Unlike African lions that live in open savannahs, Asiatic lions inhabit dense forests and form smaller prides consisting typically of 2–5 individuals.
As per the latest census conducted in 2020 (the “Poonam Avlokan” survey)2, there are now over 670 Asiatic lions thriving within Gir Forests. It is a remarkable recovery from near extinction just a century ago.
Other Mammals
In addition to lions, Gir is home to a number of other mammals:
- Leopards: Often spotted during safaris; they coexist with lions.
- Striped Hyenas: Scavengers that play an important ecological role.
- Jackals: Commonly seen scavenging or hunting small prey.
- Jungle Cats: Elusive predators found throughout the park.
- Herbivores like:
- Nilgai (blue bull)
- Chinkara (Indian gazelle)
- Sambar deer
- Spotted deer (chital)
Birdlife
Gir is also a paradise for birdwatchers with over 300 recorded bird species, including both resident and migratory birds. Some notable species include:
Reptiles
The park’s rivers and water bodies host reptiles such as:
- Marsh Crocodiles
- Monitor Lizards
- Indian Cobras
- Pythons
Safari Options at Gir National Park
Exploring Gir through guided safaris offers visitors an unparalleled opportunity to experience its wilderness up close while spotting its iconic wildlife.
1. Gir Jungle Trail Safari
This safari takes visitors deep into the core areas where lion sightings are most likely. It involves traveling through designated routes accompanied by trained guides who help spot animals while sharing insights about their behavior.
Key Details:
- Duration: Approximately 3 hours
- Timings:
- Morning Slot: 6:30 AM – 9:30 AM
- Mid-morning Slot: 9:30 AM – 12:30 PM
- Evening Slot: 3:00 PM – 6:00 PM
(Timings may vary depending on seasonal changes.)
- Cost:
- For Indians: ₹4,700–₹5,500 per jeep (up to six people)
- For Foreigners: ₹13,800–₹14,000 per jeep
Each jeep comes equipped with a driver and guide who ensure safety while enhancing your safari experience.
2. Devalia Safari Park (Interpretation Zone)
For those unable to secure permits for jungle safaris or short on time, Devalia Safari Park offers an alternative option. This fenced eco-tourism zone guarantees sightings since animals like lions are kept within controlled boundaries here.
Key Details:
- Duration: Approximately 1 hour
- Cost: More affordable compared to jungle safaris
While Devalia lacks the raw wilderness feel of the main park trails due to its controlled environment, it remains popular among families or first-time visitors seeking guaranteed sightings.
Best Time to Visit Gir National Park
The ideal time for visiting Gir National Park depends on your preferences:
- November–March (Winter Season):
- Temperatures range between 10°C–25°C, making it comfortable for safaris.
- Wildlife activity increases during cooler months.
- Birdwatching opportunities peak as migratory birds arrive.
- April–May (Summer Season):
- Although temperatures soar above 35°C, this period offers excellent chances for spotting animals near water sources like rivers or reservoirs.
Note that Gir remains closed from June 16th to October 15th every year due to monsoon rains when roads become inaccessible for safaris.
How to Reach Gir National Park
Reaching Sasan Gir is convenient via airways, railways, or roadways:
By Air:
If you are planning to come via air, the nearest airports are:
- Keshod Airport (38 km away)
- Diu Airport (60 km away)
- Rajkot Airport (160 km away)
From these airports, one will get taxis or buses that can take you directly to Sasan Gir village.
By Train:
If you are planning to come via train, Junagadh Railway Station (65 km away) and Veraval Railway Station (40 km away) offer connectivity from major cities like Ahmedabad or Rajkot.
By Road:
Sasan Gir village is accessible via state-run buses or private vehicles from nearby cities such as Ahmedabad (360 km), Rajkot (160 km), or Somnath Temple (45 km). One can easily come via road.
Accommodation Options Near Gir
There are numerous accommodation options catering to different budgets near Sasan Gir:
- Sinh Sadan Guest House – Affordable government-run lodging near Sinh Sadan reception center.
- Woods at Sasan – Eco-conscious resort offering Ayurvedic treatments.
- The Fern Gir Forest Resort – Luxurious stay with modern amenities.
- Daksh Resort and Amusement Park – Ideal for families seeking adventure activities.
- Maneland Jungle Lodge – Budget-friendly cottages surrounded by nature.
It’s advisable to book accommodations well in advance during peak seasons!
Tips for Visiting Gir National Park
Here are some essential tips for planning your trip effectively:
- Book safari permits online through the official website at least two months ahead, Otherwise you might find it difficult to find permit.
- Carry valid photo identification; foreign nationals must bring passports.
- Wear neutral-colored clothing that blends with nature—avoid bright colors.
- Bring essentials like binoculars for birdwatching or cameras for photography.
- Follow all rules set by forest authorities—do not feed animals or litter inside park premises.
- Arrive at least half an hour before your scheduled safari slot for check-in formalities.
Animals Found in Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary
Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Gujarat, India, is renowned for its rich biodiversity. It is the only natural habitat of the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica). It supports a wide variety of other animal species. Below is a detailed breakdown of the animals found in this sanctuary:
Carnivores
The carnivorous species in Gir include apex predators as well as scavengers. These animals play a critical role in maintaining the ecological balance of the park.
- Asiatic Lion: The most iconic species of Gir, these lions are slightly smaller than their African counterparts and are known for their distinctive belly folds and shorter manes.
- Indian Leopard: A solitary predator that inhabits various terrains within the park, including forests, grasslands, and rocky hills.
- Striped Hyena: Known for its scavenging habits, it plays an important role in cleaning up carcasses.
- Golden Jackal: An adaptable scavenger and predator that hunts small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects.
- Jungle Cat: A medium-sized wild cat often seen near water bodies or dense vegetation.
- Sloth Bear: Found in the dense jungles of Gir; they feed on termites, honeycombs, and fruits.
- Indian Gray Mongoose & Ruddy Mongoose: Small carnivores known for their agility and ability to hunt snakes.
- Honey Badger (Ratel): Rarely seen but known for its fearless nature.
Herbivores
The herbivorous population forms the prey base for carnivores like lions and leopards.
- Chital (Spotted Deer): One of the most commonly sighted herbivores in Gir.
- Nilgai (Blue Bull): The largest antelope species in Asia; often seen grazing in open grasslands.
- Sambar Deer: A large deer species that prefers dense forest areas.
- Four-Horned Antelope (Chinkara): A rare antelope species with four horns; unique to this region.
- Wild Boar: Omnivorous animals that forage on roots, fruits, and small creatures.
Reptiles
Gir National Park provides an ideal habitat for a variety of reptilian species due to its rivers, reservoirs, and dense vegetation.
- Marsh Crocodile (Mugger): Found abundantly around water bodies like Kamleshwar Dam; they are apex predators among reptiles here.
- Monitor Lizard: Includes Bengal monitors and desert monitors; these reptiles are both predators and scavengers.
- Indian Cobra: A venomous snake easily recognizable by its hood markings.
- Pythons: Nonvenomous snakes often found near streams or dense bushes.
- Other snakes include Russell’s Viper, Saw-scaled Viper, Common Sand Boa, Red Sand Boa.
Birds
Gir is home to over 300 bird species due to its diverse habitats ranging from dry deciduous forests to grasslands.
Raptors:
- Crested Serpent Eagle
- Bonelli’s Eagle
- Changeable Hawk-Eagle
Owls:
Brown Fish Owl
Other Birds:
- Rock Bush Quail
- Indian Pitta
- Black-headed Oriole
Endangered Species:
Critically endangered vultures such as:
- White-backed Vulture
- Long-billed Vulture
- Smaller Mammals
Smaller mammals add diversity to Gir’s ecosystem:
- Porcupines
- Hares
- Pangolins (rarely sighted)
- Summary
Gir National Park hosts an incredible numbers of wildlife. It includes 38 mammal species such as Asiatic lions, leopards, striped hyenas; over 300 bird species like vultures and eagles; 37 reptile species including marsh crocodiles and cobras; along with numerous smaller mammals like porcupines and hares. This biodiversity makes it one of Asia’s most significant protected areas.
Conclusion
Gir National Park is a testament to India’s commitment to wildlife conservation, particularly saving the majestic Asiatic lion from extinction while fostering harmony between humans and nature within this unique ecosystem.
Whether you’re captivated by big cats prowling through dense forests or enchanted by colorful birds soaring overhead, Gir promises unforgettable experiences! Plan your visit today using this comprehensive guide so you can immerse yourself fully into one of India’s greatest natural treasures while respecting its fragile beauty!
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